Computer Performance Solution (Increase Your Computer Performance)

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Computer Performance Measurement

Computer Performance Measurement

Computer performance is influenced by various factors, but it primarily depends on certain hardware components such as:

• Driver (Driver Software)
• Chipset  (Compatibility of Windows Operating System)
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
• Hard disk/SSD (Performance Measure)
• Power Supply (Performance Measure and Good Health)

If all the hardware components are functioning correctly but your computer is not performing as expected, it’s essential to understand the underlying issues. To better understand your computer, it’s crucial to learn more about these components.

Driver (Driver Software)

Many people need to be made aware of the importance of driver software, leading them to believe that their high-end computers are underperforming. This is particularly common after a fresh installation of Windows when the necessary drivers are not installed. If you’ve lost the driver's CD or DVD and don’t have a backup, it can be challenging to resolve the issue.

Driver software is specifically designed to enable your hardware to communicate with your operating system. Using the original drivers provided by your computer’s manufacturer usually ensures optimal performance. Initially, you should identify which drivers are missing on your computer.

Windows also includes some built-in drivers that facilitate the initial operation of your computer. However, even if a driver doesn’t appear to be required, it may still need to be installed.

Here is a list of essential drivers:

• Chipset Driver (Crucial for optimal performance)
• Graphics Driver (For graphics cards like NVIDIA or GeForce, two drivers must be installed)
• Sound Driver (Install it, as sometimes special features don’t work with the built-in driver, such as Dolby)
• Other Hardware (Some laptops or desktops have additional hardware that requires specific drivers)

You can visit a driver solution post to read about computer drivers for more information.

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Chipset

In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components on an integrated circuit known as a “Data Flow Management System.” It manages the data flow between the processor, memory, and peripherals and is typically found on the motherboard. Chipsets are designed to work with specific families of microprocessors and play a crucial role in determining system performance.

The chipset is a vital component because it dictates which operating system is suitable for your computer. The latest PCs come with chipsets compatible with Windows 10, which is the recommended operating system for these machines.

The operating system’s compatibility with your chipset is a significant factor for your computer’s performance. If you are using an older computer with a Core i3 or i5 processor, you should check which operating system is compatible with your PC. This information is often indicated by a sticker on the motherboard’s box or on your laptop’s cover.

Windows Sticker

Finding a Windows sticker on your computer can inform you about the compatible operating system. If you choose to use a higher or lower version of Windows, you should measure your performance according to the compatible version. By assessing your performance, you can gauge your computer’s capabilities. Currently, Windows 7 is a stable version that supports most older PCs.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor

The CPU is the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions from computer programs by performing basic arithmetic, logical, control, and input/output (I/O) operations. The term “CPU” has been used since the early 1960s and traditionally refers to both the processor’s processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements from external components like main memory and I/O circuitry.

The CPU is a fundamental part of a computer, and higher versions offer better performance. Features such as cache memory and architecture significantly enhance a computer’s performance. Modern processors are compatible with 64-bit architecture and are faster than their predecessors.

A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the CPU to reduce the average time or energy required to access data from the main memory. A cache is a smaller, faster memory located closer to a processor core, storing copies of frequently used main memory locations. Most CPUs have multiple independent caches, including instruction and data caches, organized hierarchically (L1, L2, etc.).

Modern CPUs typically have multiple levels of caches. The first CPUs with a cache had only one level, which was not split into separate caches for data (L1d) and instructions (L1i). Current CPUs usually have a split L1 cache, as well as L2 and, for larger processors, L3 caches. The L2 cache is not split and serves as a common repository for the split L1 cache. Each core of a multi-core processor has a dedicated L2 cache, which is not shared between cores. The L3 cache and any higher-level caches are shared between cores. An L4 cache is rare and is usually on DRAM rather than SRAM, on a separate die or chip. Historically, L1 was also on a separate die, but larger chips have allowed the integration of all cache levels, except sometimes the last level. Each additional level of cache is typically larger and optimized differently.

In summary, the most updated processors provide faster performance, which depends on the efficiency of the cache memory.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently in use. It is a type of storage that holds the program data you are actively using. Having a larger amount of RAM allows you to run more programs simultaneously. However, there are several factors related to your computer’s performance that you should understand, especially if you are a laptop user.

There are two main types of RAM:

SRAM (Static RAM)

SRAM

In SRAM, data is stored using a six-transistor memory cell. This type of RAM is more expensive but generally faster and requires less power than DRAM. SRAM is often used as cache memory for the CPU.

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

DRAM

DRAM stores data using a transistor and capacitor pair, comprising a DRAM cell. The capacitor holds a charge representing a bit (1 or 0), and the transistor acts as a switch for reading or changing the capacitor’s state. DRAM is less expensive than SRAM and is the predominant form of memory in modern computers.

Knowing which type of RAM you are using can help you understand the power source and quality of your RAM. DRAM can be expanded, while SRAM is limited. Older laptops typically have SRAM.

As technology advances, more powerful and efficient forms of data storage are being developed.

Names	Memory clock	I/O bus clock	Transfer rate	Theoretical bandwidth
DDR-200, PC-1600	100 MHz	100 MHz	0.2 GT/s	1.6 GB/s
DDR2-800, PC2-6400	200 MHz	400 MHz	0.8 GT/s	6.4 GB/s
DDR3-1600, PC3-12800	200 MHz	800 MHz	1.6 GT/s	12.8 GB/s
DDR4-2400, PC4-19200	300 MHz	1200 MHz	2.4 GT/s	19.2 GB/s
DDR4-3200, PC4-25600	400 MHz	1600 MHz	3.2 GT/s	25.6 GB/s

The information provided is generally correct, but it’s important to note that the memory clock is the actual frequency at which the memory operates, and the I/O bus clock is effectively the “double” of the memory clock due to the double data rate nature of DDR memory. The transfer rate is calculated by multiplying the I/O bus clock by the number of transfers per second (which is 2 for DDR memory since it’s double data rate), and the theoretical bandwidth is calculated by multiplying the transfer rate by the bus width (usually 64 bits or 8 bytes).

For example, the theoretical bandwidth for DDR-200, PC-1600 can be calculated as follows:

• Theoretical bandwidth=Memory clock×2×Bus width
• Theoretical bandwidth=100 MHz×2×8 bytes=1.6 GB/s

This formula applies to all types of DDR memory, with the appropriate memory clock and bus width values.

RAM Performance and Clock Speed

The performance and clock speed of RAM are crucial for your computer’s overall performance. Generally, the higher the DDR version, the faster the speed and bus rate, which can significantly enhance your computer’s capabilities.

Operating System and RAM Compatibility

The amount of RAM in your system also dictates the version of the operating system you should use. If you have 1 GB of RAM or less, a 32-bit (x86) operating system is recommended. For systems with 2 GB of RAM or more, a 64-bit (x64) operating system is suitable. It’s important to review your RAM specifications to select an operating system that will ensure optimal performance.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

A GPU is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly process and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images for display devices. GPUs are highly efficient at manipulating computer graphics and image processing due to their parallel structure, making them more effective than general-purpose CPUs for parallel data processing tasks. GPUs can be found on video cards, integrated into motherboards, or even within certain CPU dies.

Nvidia popularized the term GPU in 1999 with the release of the GeForce 256, which they marketed as “the world’s first GPU.” ATI Technologies introduced the term “visual processing unit” or VPU with their Radeon 9700 in 2002.

Older computers may not support newer versions of Windows, which often include extensive animations and graphics. Therefore, older hardware is typically not recommended for newer operating systems.

Additionally, some computers may experience issues when running games or graphics-intensive software, even with the latest processors or motherboards. Gaming performance is heavily dependent on the GPU, which is a critical component for running games smoothly.

Modern computers often come with integrated graphics, such as Intel HD Graphics, which are sufficient for running Windows 10 and most HD videos. However, they may not be compatible with high-level graphical work or games. Some games may be supported, but the graphics quality should be set to low or medium.

Some Desktop GPU for example:

nvidia-geforce-gtx-1080

amd-radeon-tm-rx-480

amd-radeon-tm-rx-580

Hard disk/SSD (Performance Measure)

Here’s some updated information about HDDs and SSDs:

An HDD is an electromechanical storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information. It consists of rotating disks read by magnetic heads. Data is accessed randomly, meaning it can be stored or retrieved in any order.

An SSD is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuits as memory to store data persistently. SSDs don’t have physical disks and may use traditional HDD interfaces like SATA and SAS. Newer form factors and protocols, such as M.2 and NVMe, have been developed to better suit the requirements of SSD technology.

Why HDD and SSD Performance Matters:

Even with powerful CPUs like Core i5 and i7, performance issues can arise if the storage device is not efficient. If the Task Manager shows the disk usage at nearly 100%, it indicates a need for a storage upgrade. HDDs are more likely to encounter this issue compared to SSDs.

Here’s a comparison between SSDs and HDDs:

Attribute	SSD (Solid State Drive)	HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
Power Draw / Battery Life	Less power draw, resulting in longer battery life	Higher power draw, resulting in shorter battery life
Cost	More expensive per gigabyte	Cheaper per gigabyte
Capacity	Typically up to 4TB for desktops	Up to 10TB for desktops
Operating System Boot Time	Faster bootup time	Slower bootup time
Noise	No noise due to lack of moving parts	Audible noise from disk spinning
Vibration	No vibration	Possible vibration from spinning platters
Heat Produced	Less heat due to lower power draw	More heat due to higher power draw and moving parts
Failure Rate	Mean time between failure rate of 2.0 million hours	Mean time between failure rate of 1.5 million hours
File Copy / Write Speed	Generally above 200 MB/s and up to 550 MB/s minimum but a lot higher	The range can be anywhere from 50 – 120MB / s
Encryption	Full Disk Encryption (FDE)  Supported on some models	Full Disk Encryption (FDE) Supported on some models
File Opening Speed	Up to 30% faster than HDD	Slower than SSD
Magnetism Affected?	An SSD is safe from any effects of magnetism	Magnets can erase data

Power Supply (Performance Measure and Good Health)

The power supply unit (PSU) is essential for optimal performance and hardware safety. A high-quality PSU is recommended, especially if you’re building a computer on a budget.

If you’re experiencing performance issues, check your PSU, especially if you’re using a GPU and additional PCI chips. A failing PSU can cause slow performance, unexpected shutdowns, and hardware malfunctions. Ensure your PSU provides sufficient voltage for all components for the best performance.

Check the voltage according by bellow picture: 

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